Undoing the knots

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A metaphor I frequently use when talking about the transformative power of the Dharma—and the problems it can gradually lead us away from—is that of knots, whether in our perception, in our emotional habits, or in our very body. The latter is, perhaps, where this image first became a lived reality for me. Noticing the areas of muscle tension in my abdominal area, which is where I experience most of my worry and anxiety, made me consider other potential types of knots I might carry in my system, creating unnecessary suffering for myself.

I wouldn’t say that I choose to have these knots, either physical or mental, as if in an act of (imaginary) free will. It’s never the case that I step back from my lived reality, take an honest look at it, and then say, “Today might be a good day to have some entanglements in my mind and body! Let’s suffer!”

These knots come from conditioning, some of which, according to the Buddhist view, weirdly predates time and has no particular temporal beginning. An example of that would be our primordial belief in an independent self—the belief which lies at the root of all mental anguish. To quote one of my teachers, venerable Robina Courtin, it’s as if we were children drawing the image of a tiger and then becoming scared of it. We tie the knot of believing in a fixed, poor-quality self, and it then suffocates us.

This knot of self-grapsing—part of the basic mechanisms that condition me to suffer—would take a lot of time and effort to undo. Even when we can see the glimpses of reality behind and beyond it, it does not dissolve into complete openness overnight, and, for most of us, even in one lifetime. However, there’s still a promise of freedom, both in the long run and in each moment of connecting with the ultimate reality. I am very fond of a quote from the Secret Essence Tantra (in this case paraphrased by Lama Dechen Yeshe Wangmo):

Nowhere is there anything that can bind you.
Nowhere is there a self that can be bound.
So why insist on tying knots in space?

Other types of knots definitely have a temporal dimension. They are what I would associate with my gradual traumatisation in this life, in which painful events—or, rather, my response to them—keep tying up the threads of my emotional energy, making me more and more reactive and insecure. These knots gradually grow in number, hidden in my body-mind complex, all buzzing with the energy trapped in them. With that, my body, speech, and mind turn into what Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche calls pain body, pain speech, and pain mind: the same “three doors of action”, now filtering my energy so that it becomes something neurotic.

In one way, no difficult situation would just correspond to one knot—each stream of pain is a continuation of something in the past, a ripening of a previous seed, yet another note in the same discordant song. However, from another point of view, each situation, each temporally-located knot is worth attending to—with tender attention and healing methods that would lead us back to a state of greater openness.

Since our body, speech, and mind are indeed doors, internal knotting gets projected outside. When enough privileged people participate in its deluded dance, systems of oppression arise. Those, in turn, further hurt and further traumatise, keep beings away from access to multiple types of resources—and, above all, stealing the foundational right to exist and to feel like we deserve to exist. (In a step towards decentering humans we can notice how much other species are denied that right by the horrifying machine of colonial, capitalist, patriarchal, anthropocentric abuse).

What a joke: our attempts at finding happiness, so deeply misguided by the pull of energy that tries to contract around a sense of “me” (and around my privilege), hurt both ourselves and others. Jetsunma Tenzin Palmo notes:

It’s as if we are all tied up in knots, pulling in all directions trying to untangle ourselves. But because we don’t know how to disentangle ourselves, we just pull blindly at the knots and make them tighter.

What would the process of untying look like? Numerous valid descriptions might exist. A lay Buddhist yogini I deeply revere, Dipa Ma, once said that we remove all the quintessential knots (or fetters) by skilfully applying our awareness in each moment, cultivating the experience of insight. In a somewhat different wording, Tibetan masters of Tara practice (another passion of mine) explain that we undo these knots by reconnecting with the qualities of innermost reality—the reality that, for practitioners, can manifest as Tara in her multiple forms.

The common theme for most of these presentations would be that of reconnecting with interdependence. This is where the process of knotting up (and thus contracting and tightening) gives way to the process of interweaving (or interbraiding). The threads that make up my being and lead to my happiness won’t get ruined by being harmoniously interwoven with the life-threads of others—of course, as long as we try to keep ourselves relatively free of inner harmful knots (essentially, working on not being toxic to each other). In a harmonious form of interbeing, there would be an enhancement of creativity, wisdom, and joy: individual voices merge into a powerful choir.

Furthermore, the more I see how each of my own life-threads can fundamentally be seen as an immaterial ray in luminous emptiness, the less likely I am to be deluded about the nature of our interbraided live: interconnectedness ceases to feel like a prison and becomes the joyful reality to attend to. Greater freedom of perception leads me to a more ethical, non-violent way of life.

I find it fascinating that even in the modern Catholic tradition, so complex and multi-layered, the form of Virgin Mary that seems to be receiving more and more attention is that of Our Lady Untying Knots (highly revered, it seems, by the current Pope). Without going into an elaborate discussion of parallels and differences (and there are certainly many), I can only pray that the knots around our hearts get undone, and that our understanding of interdependence—consciously cultivated through practice and also naturally emerging from within—may support greater levels of freedom and joy for all beings.

And, of course, peace.


“We have to be able to relax the psychic and spiritual cramp which knots us in the painful, vulnerable, helpless “I” that is all we know as ourselves.”

—Thomas Merton, Conjenctures of a Guilty Bystander

Stepping Forth

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Finding myself in Nepal due to the war—no clarity about the future (my own or anybody’s), no country to currently claim as my own—I am unwillingly contemplating the Medieval Christian concept of peregrinatio, “going forth into the unknown”.

Early pilgrims, traveling on their search for solitude, truth, and mystical glimpses into the great beyond, would leave their homes, sometimes in boats going out into the open sea, with no clear destination in sight. The hope, for many of them, was probably to find new places for contemplative practice. Some of them did: we know that from looking at the ruins on the Isle of Iona and other places originally inhabited by contemplatives.

For many, however, that search was simple a daring step into the unknown, beyond hope and fear: entrusting oneself to the higher force at play, or to the journey itself.

Thinking back to these early Celtic peregrinati going forth in their search for reality beyond “reality”, I am also thinking of my numerous friends from Ukraine, pushed out of the safety of their existence by a meaningless, horrifying war.

Even for those who did not leave their physical abodes, old reality no longer exists: it crushed and crumbled, like the planet of Alderaan touched by the deadly rays of the Death Star. Many had to take perilous journeys to the West (and in some cases, because of the threat of violence, to the East). Finding oneself in a temporary shelter and facing the challenges of being a refugee requires all the courage one can muster, and more. The question of “What am I?” is just as a real as “What would become of me?”

In different ways, that’s a question many of us Eastern Europeans face right, and will probably have to struggle with for decades in the future. A friend of mine described it as a total collapse of one’s identity, even the parts of it seemingly unrelated to the political events: those, too, get touched by the overall existential crisis. One then has to struggle with the perennial questions all over gain, even if some answers were previously available.

Being in Nepal is both a privilege and a blessing for those of the escapees (Ukrainian, Russian, and otherwise) who find themselves here: the bowl of the valley is so filled with anchors for the sacred that prayers for peace and searching for meaning are both easy to perform here.

Multiple monastic and lay communities here are still engaged in prayers for peace and harmony, and so are the individuals of different descent. Standing in front of the sacred images of Hindu and Buddhist origin, universally worshipped by local people, the refugee peregrinati pray: may the evil-doers be stopped. One day, when the conditions finally come together, may the hearts of those evil-doers be transformed; but for now, oh, may they be simply stopped.

I find myself amongst those doing these prayers, just like I did for months before leaving my home and my family. To them, I add my own more personal aspirations: may I always do what’s most beneficial. May I contribute to the healing of the world. May the things that I am good at, if they are of any benefit, be shared with the world without any obstacles.

Time flows in strange ways here in the valley: it is neither still, as the calendar months change and things get done, nor frenetic, like the dynamic flow of time in the West. Every bit of news seems to be a part of the broken record of saṃsāra, something that inevitably occurs again and again. War. Election. Virus. Mass shooting. Someone’s death. Someone’s wedding. Someone’s birth.

Neither aspect of time—its stillness or its movement—is in itself comforting or distressing. Comfort comes from knowing that the sparks of our compassionate wisdom, small as they might currently be, would one day contribute to something truly good—if not in this illusory reality, then in the next one, or in the great beyond that those on their peregrinatio journey were trying to find.

FURTHER LINKS TO EXPLORE:

Song: Sara Bareilles and John Legend – Safe Place to Land (Live)

Short Film: On the Road with Thomas Merton by Jeremy Seifert

An essay on peregrinatio: On the Road with Thomas Merton by Fred Bahnson

Equanimity: Is that even a word?

I wrote this short summary of equanimity practices for the Cultivating Emotional Balance newsletter (that you can subscribe to here). Below are two guided equanimity practices that I posted on YouTube a while ago.

In many ways, equanimity is still a novel concept for many of us, and even a novel word. Meditation teacher Sharon Salzberg recalls a story from her own first retreat in Bodhgaya. Every time the instructor, S.N. Goenka, said “equanimity”, members of the group would turn to each other and say, “Is that even a word?!”

Apparently, it is—a word loaded with meaning, and vitally important if we are to go beyond mere non-judgemental awareness towards an evenness of mind that has room for nuance and moral discernment (never at the expense of kindness, though).

We might define equanimity as a state of mind that is equally free from neurotic desire, aversion, and indifference.

In very simple terms, that means I’m less of a clingy vampire towards whatever brings me pleasure; less of a block of ice towards beings (and things) that leave me indifferent; and, of course, less averse to whatever I instinctively see as unpleasant.

The result? Less reactivity, less contempt, less regrettable emotional episodes. More kindness, more serenity, more patience.

There are many forms to equanimity, all of them important for establishing greater levels of mental clarity and balance. The word itself speaks volumes: many of us are, after all, aspiring for equal serenity, equalkindness, and equal wisdom in all situations, with regards to all beings. When this goal appears to be too lofty, equanimity comes to our aid again: how is this more intimidating than any other task to be accomplished by making one step at a time? As Śāntideva reminds us, there’s nothing that doesn’t become easier with habituation.

Depending on the object this attitude is related to, we can speak of equanimity towards experiences and equanimity towards beings. The latter form—impartial openness of our heart—is part of the four affective states that are an essential part of CEB’s contemplative curriculum. Different strategies for cultivating this state lead us through an analysis of our habits, wherein we establish greater openness (less clinging, less expectations) and a greater sense of kinship with all.

As we do this, we may grow more and more confident that everyone else is in the same boat—and that we can’t force them to conform to our expectations any more than they can with us. What we can do, though, is extend boundless radiant warmth by understanding our interconnectedness. When directed at our own experiences—pleasant, unpleasant and neutral—equanimity is compared to the earth that carries all with equal grace. For me, that means I can bear all that I’m facing—I can stomach my joys and be brave at the face of my problems. Equanimity can carry it all.

This type of evenness, cultivated through a combination of attention-training and insight practices, is the equal stability, equal spaciousness of mind: no habitual response of ours is too be trusted blindly, but all responses are respected as the beautiful play of our mind’s energy. With this equanimity as a basis, discerning awareness helps us make optimal practical decisions: wise and kind enough to perpetually serve as the basis for greater wellbeing, personal and social alike.

Ideas for practicing equanimity

On the cushion (formal practice)

Arguably, the most difficult aspect of equanimity is reducing our clinging to loved ones and the choices they make. When this just doesn’t seem to work and our expectations for our friends and family are as strong as they’ll ever be, try repeatedly entrusting others to something greater than yourself (depending on your personal beliefs): positive interdependence, God, Tara, ancestors, or basic goodness itself. Phrases like “Be blessed” or “Go in peace” can help in this extremely intimate process. Be brave and remember to be gentle with yourself!

Off the cushion (informal practice)

Try switching your view to that of the people around you—take 10 to 15 seconds to see yourself and the situation (including the material environment) through their eyes. While our understanding of what others are going through is usually very limited, what’s important here is learning to see everyone as a subject rather than a mere function.

Guided practice
Equanimity towards beings as taught in the Tibetan tradition

Guided practice
Equanimity: giving beings space

Finding inspiration in the lives of great contemplatives

The Tibetan tradition is rich in saints. It can even be argued that the entirety of Tibetan society between the introduction of Buddhism to Tibet (9th century) and the middle of the 20th century worked to produce more saints of different kinds: exceptional monastics, exceptional lay practitioners, exceptional hermit yogis and yoginis.

Although many of the stories (especially those of female practitioners, sadly) have never been recorded, we still do have a profusion of inspiring texts detailing the spirituals pursuits of these exceptional individuals. Some of these texts are hagiographies, or namthar—literally “accounts of liberation”, written to highlight victories on the path; others, usually more recent ones, might contain memories and personal musings.

Here are some of my favourites—some of these I’ve read several dozen times.

Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche – Blazing Splendour

– A book that has become legendary in many ways, as it includes memories related to some of the greatest lamas of 20th century, mostly associated with the Kagyu and Nyingma lineages, and, more specifically, the Chokling Tersar tradition

Chagdud Tulku – Lord of the Dance: The Autobiography of a Tibetan Lama

– Chagdud Tulku, who has become of the godfathers of the Tibetan tradition in the West, recalls his years in Tibet and India, painting a captivating image of the Buddhist spiritual culture in the Himalayas

Jampa Kalden – Calling the Lama from Afar

– Instead of focusing on a person, this book is a biography of an exceptional nunnery and its yogic tradition, both throughout the ages and in the beginning of the 21st century.